WAR AND SOLDIERS
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND TROOPS
Great Britain went to war in September 1939, Nazi Germany against
and throughout the British Empire followed suit.
Men and women were taken to countries all over the world far from home
to defend them from an unknown foreign country from the enemy.
But no one asked why this was done
and the most strongest defenders were just the remotest colonies troops:
Australians and New Zealanders.
Only very few countries in proportion to the population became more men
and they soon learned to know not only excellent fighters
Also hard and obstinate.
They were called Anzac corps and their stories
including the worst of the war known but touching.
When Britain went to war with Germany and Austria against Hungary in 1914
Australia and New Zealand had gained independence only recently
Australia in 1901 and New Zealand six years thereafter.
Either immediately sent troops to the battle against Turkey.
They were joined Egypt army into a cooperative
whose acronym men got nickname "anzacit".
Gallipoli battles in 1915
anzacit fought for the first time in their own countries units.
Ankara experience created a national identity in the young states.
Anzacit also fought on the Western Front in France and Flanders.
They were the decisive battles of the war in 1918 an important role.
Others formed the Palestine desert cavalry core group.
Their attacks seem to have eroded the Turkish defense.
Souvenir anzacien sufferings of Gallipoli 1915
was a cornerstone of both the young state of national identity.
Australia and New Zealand in 1939 were once again on hand to help.
Both offered to send the division of Europe.
But the strengthening of small peace-time troops took time.
Recruits were accustomed to the harsh life in deserts and mountains
and were innate soldiers.
But in their relationships with military discipline was to be desired.
6th Australian Division departed in January 1940.
Men arrived in Egypt just as the father 25 years earlier.
But they did not threaten Turkey, but Mussolini's Italy
and its settlements in Libya and Abyssinia.
Italy had not yet joined the war, so the training was continued.
New Zealand division soon followed.
It was commanded by General Bernard Freyburg
which had won the First World War Victoria Cross.
Most of the troops left Egypt.
One of the brigade moved to strengthen the British defenses.
Anzacien relaxed attitude toward discipline brought them notoriety
but the British commanders at all could not blame their zeal.
They wore themselves the name of "diggers"
who referred to the Australian gold fever century earlier.
New Zealand was less than two million inhabitants
so the assembly of an entire division was burdened by the country severely.
Australia was founded in the summer of 1940 two divisions of national defense ...
... And sent to the Middle East still one of the division's enough troops.
9th Australian Division was established in Palestine at the end of the year.
Mussolini led finally in June 1940 the Italian war
and the Middle East became a battleground.
Anzacit did not take part in the first battles
Italian proceeds with caution to Egypt.
The British drove them back to the December counter attack
which led to the 7th armored division and the 4th Indian Division.
6th Australian Division was transferred in mid-Indians to replace
when these were transferred to East Africa.
Anzacit reached as soon as the first battle.
6th Australian Division progressed
to continue the attack on the Italians against the beginning of january 1941.
Their first task was to take over the city of Bardia in Libya.
After two days of fighting surrendered 38,000 Italian
and the troops reached the city January 5.
The next goal was to Tobruk and 145 km from the coast.
It surrendered 22 1. The Australians then progressed 480 km Benghazi
and at the same time, 7th armored division crossed the desert
and cut off the Italian retreat.
During the two-week further 20,000 men, 200 artillery pieces and 120 tanks
was the British and the Australian hands.
It was the first victory of the Allies with Respect.
Anzaceilla was it plays an important role, but the joy did not last long.
Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps arrived in Tripoli after a week.
Rommel was preparing to attack, and the 9th Division became the 6 th place.
6. But did not have time to rest
as Winston Churchill decided to send troops to Greece
which had until November rejected the Italian invasion.
6th Australian Division, New Zealand Division
and in 1940 moved to Britain Brigade were among leavers.
Hitler wanted to secure eteläsivustansa to attack the Soviet Union
and attacked Greece and Yugoslavia on April 6.
Brave anzacitkaan were not able to stop the German lightning war.
However, this is masentanut them
says Lieutenant Charles Upham, who was in civilian lammastarhuri:
Division marches head held high, and the mood is excellent.
You'll hear us yet.
The British navy to evacuate Britons, and some anzaceista returned to Egypt.
They soon found an opportunity to pay their debts fish.
Other anzacit was transferred to the Eastern Mediterranean Crete
which was obviously German next target.
Bernard Freyburg got the responsibility for the defense of the island.
He was confident that the attack should be the sea.
But the Germans were planning ground rafting
which surprised the British and Commonwealth troops completely.
They had been spread on the north coast, and are not put to the
when the German intentions became known.
German air superiority solved the battle.
When the parachute troops had seized the airport
the outcome was clear, despite the bravery defenders.
Germany occupied the island during May
and the Navy was forced once again to the evacuation tasks.
Charles Upham on Crete destroyed several machine gun colonies
almost single-handedly saved the leftover encircled komppanian
gathered a number of enemy attacks
and received a well-deserved Victoria Cross.
Greece and Crete, the losses would have been able to get to question aremmat
that the Germans were invincible.
Anzacit not suspected.
This is Gertie. I dragged it over 200 km back to the coast.
Did you use it? Of course! Suolasin a whole bunch of sakuja.
We are waiting for the next time. I want to try again.
I do not expect more. It sooner we get home.
They get the next licking. And got now!
Opportunity to do so soon became, for the destruction of Greece
Rommel was attacked and pushed the British back into Egypt.
During the withdrawal 9. division commander, General Leslie Morshead
was ordered to hold Tobruk at all costs.
Morshead was about 31,000 men, inter alia, its own division to
one of the division's 7th Brigade and the British armored brigade.
Tobruk saarrettiin 11.4.
Continuous air raids threatened to cut off supplies completely.
Rommel launched a major offensive against the city 14.4.
The enemy came to the Australian positions.
The Germans managed to force out, after intense fighting.
Corporal John Edmondson earned during the Battle of Victoria Cross
having kept their position seriously wounded.
Edmondson died of his injuries
and the first 20 copies of the Australian getting a medal
was handed over to his parents.
Siege of Tobruk lasted throughout the summer in 1941.
Defenders published his own magazine, which kept the mood high.
The Navy was able, despite the air of danger care of the troops
and to bring the sick and wounded to Egypt.
The Australians took the nickname "Tobruk Rats".
Multi dwelt in the caves, which were conveniently close to the front line.
They held the enemy in check by patrolling between the lines.
"Tobruk Rats' find it difficult moment Allies hope alive.
The Middle East, the fighting spread to the summer of 1941
and anzacit went according to a new military campaigns.
The fear that the Luftwaffe could use airports in Syria
led the attack on the British in June 1941.
7th Australian Division and part of the 6 th participated in it.
Australian General John Lavarack led the attack
and took the Australians, Free French troops
and the British 1st Cavalry Division units coastline to the north.
The Vichy French troops made an unexpectedly fierce resistance.
For hard forced the Allies proceeded nonetheless.
Australians were in Damascus and continued towards Beirut.
The capital of Lebanon, was captured just the end of hostilities.
Along the heroes belonged to the artillery, Lieutenant Arthur Roden Cutler
who lost the battles of the second leg.
He received the Victoria Cross, "a number of demonstrations of bravery".
Although the Allies were successful in Syria
Siege of Tobruk demanding most of the attention.
"Tobruk rats" showed no signs of cracking
but the Australian government considers that its troops were stressed too much.
General Sir Claude Auchinleck, the Middle East, the supreme commander
forced into a substitution defenders.
Australian 18th Brigade was replaced in August 1941,
Freedom of Poland and the Carpathian Brigade.
Exchanges were made until the autumn
but one Australian battalion remained at Tobruk until the end.
Auchinleck was going to force Rommel to retreat
and the release of Tobruk.
He started the operation "Crusader" on 18 November.
New Zealand division and one armored brigade
were ordered to open the road to Tobruk defenders creates.
These had been ordered to break the blockade.
New Zealanders are faced strong resistance.
They got eight days after the connection Tobruk defenders
El Dudassa 30 km southeast of the port.
After that they had to be fought several fierce counter-attacks.
German 15th armored division forced the division to withdraw from the
but it managed to consume the enemy's forces considerably.
Rommel retreated weeks after Tobruk trust.
In January, British established while in possession of the entire Cyrenaica
and the enemy had inflicted heavy losses.
But elsewhere had taken a turn
which directly affected the Australian and New Zealand soldiers.
The war came closer to home countries Anzac troops 7. 12. 1941
when Japanese aircraft made a surprise attack
The US Pacific Fleet base at Pearl Harbor.
Now the US joined the war the British finally the great relief.
But the war got a dark twist to the Allied point of view.
The Japanese attacked immediately to Malaysia and the Philippines
and US Pacific islands.
The war was now the Australian and New Zealand doorstep
and they asked the troops to return.
Australia were particularly concerned with the Japanese attack to Malaysia.
Concern only deepened when the Japanese proceeded quickly across the peninsula.
8th Australian Division had already been transferred to Malaysia.
It showed how important it was Australia's security.
Two intialaisdivisioonaa defended the northern Malay
and Australians in the south part of General Henry Gordon Bennett.
The Japanese quickly drove the Indians to flee.
The British did not know how to fight for their koukkauksiaan jungle.
The Australians were forced to fight in January
but were unable to stop the Japanese.
At the end of the month the British forces withdrew from Singapore.
The end came after two weeks.
The British had a large nöyryytyksekseen surrender.
Most Australians, British and Indians were captured.
They were three and a half years of brutal Japanese mercy.
General Gordon Bennett was unable to escape.
He believed that his experience of the Japanese is still needed.
Others think he should have gone with the men in prison.
Gordon Bennett is no longer received the command of the troops.
The Japanese now able to threaten Australia.
Darwin was an air raid on 19 February 1942
four days after the surrender of Singapore.
The fear of invasion spread.
The Board again requested his troops back to the Middle East.
6th and 7th Australian Division returned in March.
Family members shouted for joy
but they were soon to resign again.
9. Division and New Zealand Division were in the Middle East
because the US had agreed to send troops to Australia.
They began to arrive in April 1942.
Part of the 7th Australian Division, was sent immediately remaining
but the Japanese beat it and other allied forces easily.
Some refused to surrender
and began to visit the residents with the support of the guerrilla war against the invaders.
The Japanese concentrated on New Guinea
and made-ups Laeen countries and Salamaua the beginning of March 1942.
At the same time bombed located in the southwest to Port Moresby
as well as a second Darwin.
Australia's northern part began to be emptied at the end of March.
The Japanese not to leave anything of value, if they would attack.
Huge amounts of sheep and cattle were removed from.
General Douglas MacArthur, which was commanded to leave the Philippines
arrived in Australia commander of the Southwest Pacific region.
Australian General Thomas Blamey received the command of the troops.
The Japanese main objective was in New Guinea capital Port Moresby
that they were going to take over the country rises.
They had to pull out due to the support vessel for the Indian Ocean.
They are waiting for the Japanese invaded the island in the west part.
Landing troops departed Rabaul in New Britain 4. 5. 1942.
The US got to know about it and sent a carrier department of the Coral Sea.
In the battle damaged one US carrier.
Japanese evening sank one ship and another badly damaged.
The Japanese were forced to abandon the invasion of Port Moresbyyn.
However, they decided to invade by land, using Kokodan path
which leads to the northern shore of Bunasta steep Owen Stanley Mountains over.
They were confronted by just lifting the Australian battalion
as well as some kinds of beans.
The Australians fought in harsh conditions and were forced to retreat.
General Blamey said that both sides underestimated the terrain.
He thought that the mountains would be easy to cross.
Hardly anyone can understand what they are in the mountains
if not actually visited there.
The soldiers called the trail "kultaportaiksi".
It leads one down the hill and up the next.
The steep slope of the mountain followed by a second. The terrain is very heavy.
Many men strayed from the path of the Japanese ambushes and trip to NW
and died alone in the jungle. Others continued to struggle.
But the battalion remained stubbornly size
although diseases, wounds and exhaustion was plagued by men.
Papua Stores applicants' loyalty saved many lives.
Lifting Pulley received at least two other battalions
but the Australians were still retreat.
The Japanese reached 10.9. highlands 65 km from the Port Moresby
but the Australians halted the progression of determination to do so.
Meanwhile, MacArthur warned against invasion Milne Bay.
Australian 18th Brigade moved there and forced the Japanese to retreat.
Kokodan path proceeded Japanese
are already suffering from the diseases and problems of supply and began to withdraw.
Debilitated even surrendered
even though it was the Japanese warrior traditions of great shame.
The Australians followed and forced a grueling battles
Japanese resilient post-forces.
They pushed in spite of the terrain fanatical enemy backwards.
US forces had landed Buna
and evicted the Japanese Kokodan path to the north end.
The Japanese left the island until the end of january 1943.
Harsh battle were killed or wounded more than 2000 Australians.
Around 9300 fell ill with malaria and other diseases.
New Guinea was fought yet
when the US marines invaded Guadalcanal in August 1942.
Guadalcanal were fighting for half a year
before the Americans got a firm foothold in the Solomon Islands.
This prompted the Japanese to defend the other islands even more determined.
In June 1943, General Douglas MacArthur
launched the Operation "cartwheel".
Its aim was to encircle the main Japanese base of Rabaul.
The plan included the countries of increases in Papua New Guinea.
US and Australian air forces first had to obtain air superiority in the region.
Since then supplemented with 9 Australian division
went for the first time in the jungle after battling a long time in the Middle East
and went ashore on the east side of Lae.
Meanwhile, the US paratroopers seized the Nadzabin field.
7th Australian Division was brought there on airplanes.
It proceeded to the north and south of 9th Australian Division.
The Japanese remained between them and withdrew from the crown and Salamaua.
Laeen arrived among the first man described the devastation:
The feared the Japanese kicked so suddenly escape
that the damage was caused by our.
Scorched earth tactics reminded just burnt food
because mokomat cowards left patansa campfire for.
The devastation caused by our pommeistamme and grenades.
The plantation to 12 km from the crown to the west all the way to the beach
appeared under heavy fire caused by the destruction.
Australia and the United States made a number of countries ascents New Guinea
and besieged the Japanese units.
New Zealand's new division received some reason number three.
It began to operate in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
It was involved in the 1943 second half taking over many of the islands
For example Vella Lavellaa, The Treasuries and Green Island.
The Allies began to outflank the Pacific Ocean
and Anzac troops played an important role in the southwestern theater of war.
Middle East life remaining troops had been just as exciting.
When the Allies suffered in 1942 in the Pacific Ocean Continuing losses
The situation seemed to anzacien the wilderness, very bleak.
Rommel went again and had pushed the British into Egypt.
It seemed that the enemy would proceed inexorably up to the Suez Canal.
The British had the El Alamein line of defense
which stretched from the Mediterranean Sea, the rugged Qattara the lowlands.
New Zealand Division fought there in July harshly.
Charles Upham, who had received the Victoria Cross in Crete in 1941
was an infantry company commander Ruweisatin highlands.
He was wounded during the fighting by as much as four times
but still led to persist in their entity.
The Germans finally reached his positions, and Upham was captured.
He heard the prison camp had received a second Victoria Cross.
Only three men have received this prestigious medal twice.
British 8th Army was in August 1942 the new commander
General Bernard Montgomery.
He was attacked in October Rommel against El Alamein.
Both the 9th Australian Division and New Zealand Division
fought strenuously for 10 days battle
the end of which the enemy was finally forced to retreat.
The divisions parted ways. Supplemented Australialaisyksikkö
and was transferred in February 1943 the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
New Zealand division remained in the desert
and was followed at the forefront of forces Rommel in Libya to crack.
Prime Minister Winston Churchill came to meet them in Tripoli.
He gave a speech division that special recognition.
British islanders remember with great gratitude
New Zealand people
which has sent this glorious division
reap the reputation of the back of the oceans.
The New Zealanders fought bravely in Tunisia.
28. maoripataljoona excelled Marethissa in March 1943.
Montgomery tried in vain to break through the enemy's defense.
Then he sent the New Zealanders hooking up through Tabagan opening.
The Germans reacted immediately and made a strong counterattack.
25-year-old Lieutenant Maoanui a Kiwi Ngarimun team
defended the importance of the position of the clock.
He received the Victoria Cross alone attack on the advancing Germans.
Division was hitting the Germans finally in May 1943
and reached after completion.
The unit is now named 2. Divisions in New Zealand.
It remained in the Mediterranean and took 8th Army in Italy included.
Division participated in the Monte Cassino in bloody battles in 1944
when the Allies tried to get a strong Gustav through the line.
New Zealanders had to go back to the test
but their will to fight, did not waver.
Then the New Zealanders progressed in the eastern part of Italy.
They were involved in taking over Germany's last defensive position
Gotenstellungia in April 1945.
Division liberated the historic city of Padua
and the war ended in Trieste on the Adriatic Sea.
It was after the autumn of 1942 reached more than 3000 km
Through North Africa and Italy Bernard Freyburg command.
2nd New Zealand Division fighting in the Mediterranean Sea
Other anzacit marching towards victory thousands of miles away.
Australians came in 1944 in the US to replace the troops
New Britainiin ja Bougainvilleen Salomonsaarille
so that they were able to fight for the Philippines.
In summer 1945, the Australians took to the release of Borneo.
7. The division increased by 1.5. Tarakan island of Borneo in the foreground.
Japanese resistance were defeated in June.
Other Australians liberated Brunei.
The last major operation in the Anzac troops began in July 1945.
7th Australian Division attacked Balikpapaniin the east coast of Borneo.
It progressed quickly in the harbor and captured it after a fierce battle.
Anzacien long war was almost over, but the work still was enough.
Anzac troops participated in yet surrendered the Japanese occupation.
It was a confession addressed to a six-year battles with courage.
But blinded by profits must not be forgotten
that other Australians had asked kinds of courage.
They had remained prisoners of the 1942 beginning of the dark days.
They had endured unimaginable horrors, but not discouraged.
Their return was particularly poignant after suffering.
Anzac troops proportion of the Second World War
was disproportionately significant in relation to the population countries.
They cost a correspondingly high affordability.
Australian losses were more than 40,000 men, of whom almost 23,000 collapsed.
New Zealand kind of crashed and injured 22,000.
Anzac soldiers found the harsh battles properties
which raise them the best fighters in the ranks of military history.
Translated by: Kai Laine www.sdi media.com